Sekuyiminyaka sicabanga ukuthi i-Kindle iyithuluzi elingenangozi nhlobo, cishe njengencwadi yephepha enesikrini. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso liwukuthi Kungaba futhi isango lokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber Lokhu kungenzeka uma amaphutha athile okuphepha ehlanganiswa nama-e-book ayingozi. Akuyona into evame kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona, futhi kufanelekile ukuqaphela lokhu ukuze ugweme izimanga ezingathandeki ngolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu nolwasebhange.
Muva nje, izifundo eziningana ezenziwe yizinkampani ezifana ne-Check Point Research zikhombisile ukuthi I-ebook elula ingasetshenziswa ukulawula i-KindleUngasusa okuqukethwe kwayo, ukuguqule kube yi-bot, noma ngisho nokweba iziqinisekiso ze-Amazon kanye nolwazi lokukhokha. Ake sibheke kabanzi okwenzekile, ukuthi lokhu kukhubazeka kusebenza kanjani, lokho i-Amazon ekwenzile ukukulungisa, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, lokho ongakwenza ukuze usebenzise i-Kindle yakho ngokuzibophezela nangaphandle kokwesaba okungadingekile.
Ingabe i-ebook ingathelela i-Kindle yakho nge-malware?
Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo uqondile kakhulu: “Uma ngilanda izincwadi zamahhala kwi-inthanethi, Ingabe ukhona ongabeka igciwane ku-Kindle yami?Impendulo ende iwukuthi, nakuba kungeyona into evamile, kuye kwatholakala amacala lapho ifayela le-ebook elikhohlisiwe lisebenzise khona amaphutha kusofthiwe yomfundi ukuze lisebenzise ikhodi enonya.
Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angase alande ama-ebook kumakhalekhukhwini noma kwikhompyutha yakhe kusuka kumawebhusayithi ezincwadi zamahhala bese zidlulisele nge-USB noma ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi we-Send to KindleIqiniso lokuthi zivela kusayithi lokulanda alisho ukuthi ziyingozi ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa uma othile eklama ifayela ukuze asebenzise ubuthakathaka be-firmware, leyo ncwadi ingaba yi-vector yokuhlasela.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa okushicilelwe, Ifomethi ye-ebook ngokwayo ingase ifihle ikhodi elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. ukuqala uchungechunge lokuxhaphaza lapho i-Kindle icubungula ifayela. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho incwadi ivulwa, idivayisi ichaza kabi idatha ethile, okuvumela umhlaseli ukuthi akhiphe imiyalo enamalungelo aphezulu.
Into ephazamisa kakhulu ngalezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa ukuthi Umsebenzisi akadingi ukwenza into engavamile.Mane nje ulande i-ebook, uyivumele ifike kudivayisi yakho, bese uyivula njenganoma iyiphi enye incwadi. Azikho izigelekeqe noma izicelo ezingajwayelekile; ubuthakathaka busetshenziswa ngemuva.
Okutholakele kwe-Check Point Research ku-Kindle kanye ne-malware
Ukushaqeka okukhulu kwafika lapho I-Check Point Research (CPR) ishicilele ucwaningo olugxile ekuphepheni kwe-Amazon Kindle.Ithimba labo le-Treat Intelligence linqume ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela umfundi we-ebook odumile emhlabeni futhi lathola ubuthakathaka obuningana kusofthiwe obuvumela ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kakhulu.
Kulolu vivinyo, abacwaningi balungiselele incwadi ye-e-book enonya eyenzelwe ngqo sebenzisa amaphutha ekucutshungulweni kwamafayela angaphakathi kwe-KindleLapho umsebenzisi esevule leyo ncwadi ye-ebook, uchungechunge lwe-malware lwaqalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kwesenzo esengeziwe esidingekayo: akukho zinkinobho, akukho ziqinisekiso, akukho ukufakwa okwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kwemibiko, Uma ukuhlasela kuphumelele, isigebengu se-inthanethi singalawula ngokugcwele idivayisi.Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ikhono lokweba ithokheni yedivayisi, ukufinyelela ulwazi olubucayi njengeziqinisekiso ze-akhawunti ye-Amazon, ngisho nemininingwane yasebhange ehlobene ne-akhawunti esetshenziselwa ukuthenga izincwadi noma ukukhokhela okubhaliselwe njenge-Kindle Unlimited.
U-Eusebio Nieva, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Check Point Software yaseSpain nasePortugal, uchaze ukuthi Ama-Kindle avame ukubonwa njengamadivayisi "angenangozi"Kodwa empeleni, zingamakhompyutha amancane axhunywe kwi-inthanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abelana ngezingozi eziningi ezifanayo njengefoni ephathekayo noma ikhompyutha yedeskithophu; ukuthi nje asivamile ukuzicabanga njengezibalulekile.
Ekuhlolweni okwenziwe, i-CPR iqinisekisile ukuthi I-ebook enonya ingalandwa kunoma yimuphi umtapo wolwazi obonakalayoHhayi nje kuphela kumawebhusayithi anedumela elingabazisayo, kodwa futhi naseSitolo se-Kindle uqobo ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuzishicilela, ngisho nangohlelo lwe-Send to Kindle nge-imeyili.
Indlela ukuhlaselwa kwe-ebook okunonya okusebenza ngayo ku-Kindle
Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlasela okubhalwe yi-Check Point yayilula kakhulu ngokombono womsebenzisi: Ingamukela noma ilande incwadi ebonakala ijwayelekile, iyivule, bese isuka lapho, i-malware iqala ukusebenza.Ubunzima bulele endleleni ifayela elisebenzise ngayo ubuthakathaka bangaphakathi ku-firmware ye-Kindle.
Embukisweni wobuchwepheshe, i-ebook enonya ikwazile sebenzisa ikhodi enamalungelo omsebenzisi omkhulu ngaphakathi kohlelo lomfundiLokhu kwavumela izenzo eziphazamisayo njengokuxhuma kuseva ekude yomhlaseli, ukukhiya isikrini, ukuguqula okuqukethwe kwesitoreji sangaphakathi, noma ukuqoqa idatha ebucayi egcinwe kudivayisi.
Imiphumela engaba khona idlulele ngalé kokulimaza izincwadi ezimbalwa. Ithimba le-CPR likhombisile ukuthi umhlaseli angakwazi susa wonke umtapo wolwazi womsebenzisi, guqula i-Kindle ibe yi-bot ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-zombie ukuhlasela amanye amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi efanayo yendawo, noma ukufinyelela okhiye, amakhukhi, kanye neziqinisekiso ze-akhawunti ye-Amazon exhunyiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buthakathaka buvule ithuba ukuhlaselwa okuqondiswe ulimi, isifunda, noma iqembu labantuUkushicilela nje i-ebook yamahhala ekhangayo kakhulu ngolimi oluthile (isibonelo, incwadi ethengiswa kakhulu yaseRomania) kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi cishe bonke abahlukunyezwayo bavela kulelo zwe noma bakhuluma lolo limi, into ekhanga kakhulu imikhankaso yobugebengu be-inthanethi noma yobunhloli be-inthanethi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile esivezwe abacwaningi ukuthi Izinhlelo ze-antivirus zendabuko azivamile ukuskena ama-ebook njengokungathi angamafayela asebenzisekayo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi incwadi eguqulwe ngezinhloso ezimbi ingangatholakali ekuskeni kokuphepha, itholakale mahhala emitatsheni yezincwadi ebonakalayo (kufaka phakathi i-Kindle Store), futhi iqoqe okulandwayo ngaphandle kokuphakamisa izinsolo.
Ukuzishicilela ngokwakho ku-Kindle Store kanye nesevisi ye-Send to Kindle njengezithasiselo zokuhlasela
Esinye sezihluthulelo zale ndaba yonke ubulula obukhulu obunikezwa yi-Amazon izincwadi ozishicilela zonaNoma ubani angalayisha i-ebook yakhe, ngaphandle kokudlula kumshicileli wendabuko noma izilawuli zokuhlela eziqinile ngokweqile, okuyinto enhle kakhulu kubabhali abazimele, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa kabi ngabahlaseli.
Imininingwane ye-Check Point engenziwa yizigebengu ze-inthanethi layisha incwadi enonya Kuvele ku-Kindle Store njengesinye isihloko samahhala, ngokubukeka okungenacala nhlobo. Abasebenzisi, bekhangwe okuqukethwe noma intengo engenalutho, bakulande, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ubungozi bavulwa lapho bevula ifayela kudivayisi yabo.
Esinye isiteshi esibucayi umsebenzi wokuthi Ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele amadokhumenti kumfundi nge-imeyili.abaningi abazi ngokuthi Thumela ku-Kindle. Umsebenzisi ngamunye unekheli elikhethekile eliphela ngo-kindle.com; noma yiliphi ifayela elithunyelwe lisuka ekhelini eligunyaziwe liguqulwa libe yincwadi efundekayo kumfundi.
Yebo lokho uhlu lwabathumeli abagunyaziwe Ayilungiselelwe kahle; noma ubani angathumela ifayela ku-Kindle yomnikazi ngokungazelelwe. Esimweni sokuhlasela, othile angazama ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo ukufaka i-ebook eguquliwe ngqo kudivayisi, ethemba ukuthi umsebenzisi uzoyivula ngendlela evamile.
Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe batusa Buyekeza izilungiselelo zakho ze-Send to Kindle bese uzikhawulela kumakheli athembekile kuphela.Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola amadokhumenti angalindelekile angase abe nokuqukethwe okunonya okwenzelwe ukuxhaphaza ubuthakathaka besikhathi esizayo noma obungaziwa.
Ubunzima bobuthakathaka kanye nezingozi kudatha yasebhange
Ubuthakathaka obutholakale ku-Kindle bekungewona nje amaphutha okuhlela; ngokusho kwe-Check Point, Bangadala “umonakalo omkhulu” uma bewela ezandleni ezingafaneleAkukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuphepha komfundi kwakusengozini, kodwa futhi nobumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwe-akhawunti ehlobene ne-Amazon, okuhlanganisa nolwazi lokukhokha olungaba khona.
Ngokubeka idivayisi engozini, umhlaseli angase ukweba noma yiluphi ulwazi olugcinwe ku-KindleKusukela kuthokheni yangaphakathi eyikhombayo kuya kumasevisi e-Amazon kuya kuziqinisekiso zokufinyelela, kufaka phakathi amakhukhi eseshini kanye nolunye ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oluvumela idivayisi ukuthi ixhunywe kwi-akhawunti yomsebenzisi.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yizigebengu ze-inthanethi okuqukethwe okuthengiwe ku-akhawunti yesisulu, kufinyelelwe ulwazi lokukhokha noma usebenzise leyo datha kanye neminye idatha eyebiwe ukuze uthole ukukhwabanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba kungekho mkhankaso omkhulu osekelwe kulokhu kuxhaphaza oye wabhalwa phansi, amathuba ayekhona futhi makhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukwazi ukuguqula i-Kindle ibe yi-bot, umhlaseli uthole enye ingxenye engqalasizinda yakhe yobugebengu be-inthanethi. Umfundi obonakala engenacala angakwazi ukuhlanganyela ekuhlaselweni kwamanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yendawonjengamakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini noma ngisho nama-router, okwandisa umthelela wokungena okuqalwe yi-ebook elula.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela nokuthi lobu buthakathaka babukhona ikhanga kakhulu ukuhlaselwa okuqondiwenjengoba incwadi ethandwa kakhulu ezweni elithile ingaba yihhashi leTroy elifanele ukufinyelela izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi ngephrofayili ethile ngaphandle kokuphakamisa izinsolo.
Isikhathi senkinga kanye ne-Amazon patch (firmware 5.13.5)
Ngenxa yobukhulu bokutholakala, i-Check Point yenze ngokuvumelana nenqubo yokudalula enesibopho. NgoFebhuwari 2021, wazisa i-Amazon ngamaphutha okuphepha atholakale ku-Kindle. futhi wanikeza imininingwane yobuchwepheshe edingekayo ukuze umenzi akwazi ukuphenya nokulungisa inkinga.
Ngemva kokuhlaziya imibiko, i-Amazon yathuthukisa isibuyekezo se-firmware esizoqinisekisa ukuthi Kufake phakathi i-patch yokuvala ubuthakathaka obusetshenziswa yi-ebook enonyaLokhu kulungiswa kwafika ngo-Ephreli 2021 ngaphansi kwenguqulo 5.13.5 yesofthiwe ye-Kindle.
Isibuyekezo sasatshalaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku- wonke amadivayisi axhunywe kwi-inthanethiNgamanye amazwi, uma i-Kindle ixhunywe kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ivuselelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ibizolanda futhi ifake i-firmware entsha ngaphandle kokuthi umsebenzisi enze noma yini enye.
Kodwa-ke, abafundi abaningi bavame ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokungena ngemvume noma Zisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukanisiwe kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa okuvamile.Ezimweni ezinjalo, idivayisi ingase isasebenzisa inguqulo endala ye-firmware futhi ihlale isengozini ngaphandle kokuthi kuphoqelekile ukuthi ibuyekeze ngesandla noma ixhunywe kunethiwekhi isikhathi esanele.
Imithombo eminingana igcizelela ukuthi, yize Akukho bufakazi bokuthi umkhankaso omkhulu, omkhulu uxhaphaza lesi siphukuphuku.Ubuthakathaka babungokoqobo futhi bungaba yingozi kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi inkinga ethile etholwe yi-Check Point iyaxazululwa inqobo nje uma idivayisi ifake inguqulo elungisiwe.
Izingozi zesiphequluli sokuhlola kanye nezinye izivektha ezingacacile
Akuzona zonke izingozi ku-Kindle ezivela ezincwadini. Kukhona futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isiphequluli sokuhlolaokuyinto abanye abasebenzisi abayisebenzisayo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphequlula amawebhusayithi alula. Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kulinganiselwe, kuseyindlela yokungena ku-inthanethi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuyindlela engaba khona yokuchayeka kokuqukethwe okunonya.
Kunezimo zabantu abachaza ukuthi, lapho befinyelela iwebhusayithi kusuka kusiphequluli se-Kindle, Idivayisi yaqala ukuziphatha ngendlela exakileIsiphequluli sivala ngokuzumayo, sishiya idivayisi iqandisiwe okwesikhashana. Besaba ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka, abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa izinyathelo ezinqala njengokususa amakhukhi kanye ne-cache, ukuvala ikhasi, ngisho nokubuyisela umfundi kuzilungiselelo zasefekthri.
Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo lokuziphatha lubangelwa kakhulu amaphutha esiphequluli noma amakhasi alungiselelwe kabi idivayisi kunokuba kube ukuhlasela kwangempela. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ukuthi amakhadi esikweletu, amakhadi edebithi, noma izinsizakalo ezifana ne-Amazon Prime zixhunywe kwi-akhawunti, ukukhathazeka komsebenzisi kuyaqondakala ngokuphelele.
Uma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ubona noma yini engavamile ngenkathi uphequlula kusuka ku-Kindle yakho, isiqondiso esinengqondo yilesi Vala isiphequluli, sula idatha yokuphequlula, futhi, uma kukhona ukusola okukhulu, hlola ukuthi idivayisi isesikhathini.Ukusetha kabusha kwasefekthri kuyindlela ebanzi kakhulu ebuyisela idivayisi esimweni sayo sokuqala, isula izilungiselelo zendawo nokuqukethwe (kodwa hhayi izincwadi zamafu).
Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi, nakuba kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukubona ubuthakathaka obuhlobene nokuphequlula iwebhu ku-Kindle, Akuyona i-vector yokuhlasela efundwe kakhulu noma esetshenziswa kakhulu emphakathiniIningi lokugxila bekulokhu ku-ebooks uqobo kanye nendlela eziphathwa ngayo ngaphakathi kohlelo.
Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa i-Kindle ngokuphephile ngokumelene ne-malware
Ngaphandle kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe, lokho okuthakazelisa noma yimuphi umfundi ukuthi akwazi Yini ongayenza nsuku zonke ukuze unciphise izingozi?Ngenhlanhla, ngeziqondiso ezimbalwa ezinengqondo, amathuba ezinkinga angancishiswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenziseka kalula kwedivayisi.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba ne-Kindle njalo. kubuyekezwe kunguqulo yakamuva ye-firmware etholakalayoUma uvame ukuyigcina ingaxhunyiwe, kungumqondo omuhle ukuyixhuma ku-Wi-Fi ngezikhathi ezithile bese uhlola kuzilungiselelo ukuthi isofthiwe isesikhathini. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ama-patch okuphepha alethwa ngalezi zibuyekezo.
Kuyanconywa futhi qapha ukuthi ama-ebook owalandayo avela kuphiLokhu akuphathelene nokuhlambalaza wonke amawebhusayithi ezincwadi zamahhala, kodwa mayelana nokugwema amakhasi asolisayo, ukulanda okungajwayelekile, noma amafayela avela ngokungalindelekile. Lapho uthemba kakhulu umthombo wencwadi, kulapho amathuba okufihla into engcolile encipha khona.
Ngokuphathelene nesici se-Thumela ku-Kindle, kufanelekile ukuya kuzilungiselelo ze-akhawunti yakho bese buyekeza uhlu lwamakheli e-imeyili agunyaziweOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele ufake amakheli akho e-imeyili noma awabantu nezinsizakalo ozethembayo ngempela. Uma ama-imeyili ambalwa angathumela amafayela ngqo kumfundi wakho, kuba ngcono.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-Kindle, njengefoni ephathekayo noma ikhompyutha, Akufanele kubolekwe noma ubani kalula ukufaka izinto noma ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi angaziwa.Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyidivayisi "yokufunda nje", inezimiso eziningi ezifanayo zokuhlanzeka kwedijithali njengazo zonke ezinye izinto ezixhunyiwe.
Uma sibheka isithombe sonke, kusobala ukuthi i-Kindle ayilona ithoyizi elingenangozi, kodwa futhi ayilona ibhomu elisheshayo. Ngeziqeshana ezikhishwe yi-Amazon, ucwaningo oluveziwe, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezincane ngabasebenzisi, Ukufunda ku-Kindle kuseyindlela elula kakhulu futhi, ngokuvamile, ephephile yokujabulela izincwadi zedijithaliuma nje singakhohlwa iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwe-inki kagesi kukhona ikhompyutha encane nayo efanelwe ukuvikelwa.